Anal sacculectomy

Understanding Anal Sacculectomy for Your Pet

An anal sacculectomy is the surgical removal of one or both anal sacs (anal glands). These small glands, located on either side of the anus, produce a scent-carrying fluid pets use to mark territory. While they are naturally expressed during bowel movements, they can become a source of chronic pain and health issues. 

When is it Indicated?

Surgery is typically recommended when medical management (like manual expression or antibiotics) fails to provide long-term relief. Common reasons include: 

• Chronic Anal Sacculitis: Persistent or recurring inflammation and infection.
• Recurrent Impaction/Abscesses: Repeated blockages or painful, pus-filled infections that may rupture.
• Tumors: Most commonly anal sac adenocarcinoma; surgery is vital to remove the mass and prevent local spread.
• Non-Responsive Conditions: Chronic pain or discomfort during sitting, walking, or defecating that does not improve. 

Risks and Complications

While generally safe when performed by experienced hands, potential risks include: 

• Fecal Incontinence: Because the sacs are very close to the anal sphincter muscles and nerves, damage can lead to a temporary or, rarely, permanent inability to control bowel movements.
• Infection and Dehiscence: The surgical site is prone to bacterial contamination due to its location; the wound may also pull apart (dehiscence) if the pet licks the area.
• Fistula Formation: If any part of the gland lining is accidentally left behind, a draining tract (fistula) may develop, requiring a second surgery.
• Stricture: Uncommon narrowing of the anal opening due to scar tissue, which can make passing stool difficult. 

Post-Operative Care

Proper home care is critical for a smooth 10–14 day recovery period. 

• Prevent Licking: Your pet must wear an Elizabethan collar at all times to prevent self-trauma and infection.
• Activity Restriction: Limit activity to short, slow leash walks for toileting only. Avoid running, jumping, or rough play.
• Medication Management: Complete all prescribed courses of pain relief and antibiotics, even if your pet seems “back to normal”.
• Dietary Adjustments: Your vet may recommend a high-fiber diet or stool softeners to ensure soft, easy-to-pass stools and reduce straining.
• Monitoring: make sure to monitor the incision daily. If any signs of inflammation, leakage, or opening of the incision, contact your veterinarian for care.